As India approaches its 2024 general elections, the long-standing issue of a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) has taken center stage in political and public discourse. The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has reiterated its commitment to implementing a UCC, reigniting nationwide debate over personal laws and constitutional equality.
The UCC aims to replace existing religious personal laws governing marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption with one common law for all Indian citizens, irrespective of religion. Advocates argue that a UCC promotes gender justice, secularism, and national integration. It seeks to eliminate discriminatory practices such as triple talaq (already outlawed), polygamy, and unequal inheritance rights in some religious communities.
However, opponents—particularly from minority communities—see the UCC as an attack on religious freedom and cultural autonomy. Muslim, Christian, and tribal groups have expressed concerns that the move is politically motivated and undermines India’s pluralistic fabric. Critics argue that a top-down imposition may violate Article 25 of the Constitution, which guarantees freedom of religion.
The Law Commission of India in 2018 noted that while reform is necessary, the UCC is neither necessary nor desirable at that time. However, in 2023, the Commission sought fresh public opinion, signaling a shift in governmental stance. States like Uttarakhand have already passed draft bills on UCC-like policies, sparking speculation that BJP-ruled states may implement it regionally before a national rollout.
Women’s rights groups are divided. While many support reforms for gender justice, others stress the importance of community-driven change rather than state-enforced law. The debate also raises questions about legal pluralism vs. constitutional uniformity.
As the elections near, UCC could become a key electoral issue, with the BJP positioning it as progressive reform, while the opposition highlights concerns over religious polarization. The outcome of this debate may shape India’s legal landscape for years to come.